SELECT 
  pfv.variant_id, 
  pfv.position, 
  pfvd.variant 
FROM 
  cscart_product_feature_variants AS pfv 
  INNER JOIN cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions AS pfvd ON pfv.variant_id = pfvd.variant_id 
  AND pfvd.lang_code = 'ru' 
WHERE 
  pfv.variant_id IN (
    1280, 1226, 1224, 1281, 1201, 1223, 1291, 
    1305, 1255, 1301, 1292, 1293, 1199, 
    1302, 1303, 1297, 1283, 1306, 1311, 
    1299, 1310
  )

Query time 0.00067

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "75.61"
    },
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "pfv",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY"
          ],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "variant_id"
          ],
          "key_length": "3",
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 21,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 21,
          "filtered": "100.00",
          "index_condition": "(`cscart`.`pfv`.`variant_id` in (1280,1226,1224,1281,1201,1223,1291,1305,1255,1301,1292,1293,1199,1302,1303,1297,1283,1306,1311,1299,1310))",
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "46.21",
            "eval_cost": "4.20",
            "prefix_cost": "50.41",
            "data_read_per_join": "23K"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "variant_id",
            "position"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "pfvd",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY"
          ],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "variant_id",
            "lang_code"
          ],
          "key_length": "9",
          "ref": [
            "cscart.pfv.variant_id",
            "const"
          ],
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 21,
          "filtered": "100.00",
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "21.00",
            "eval_cost": "4.20",
            "prefix_cost": "75.61",
            "data_read_per_join": "65K"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "variant_id",
            "variant",
            "lang_code"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}