SELECT 
  product_id, 
  group_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_products 
WHERE 
  group_id IN (25, 87, 84, 31, 90, 82, 86, 89)

Query time 0.00030

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "41.61"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_variation_group_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "idx_group_id"
      ],
      "key": "idx_group_id",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "group_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 24,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 24,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`cscart`.`cscart_product_variation_group_products`.`group_id` in (25,87,84,31,90,82,86,89))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "36.81",
        "eval_cost": "4.80",
        "prefix_cost": "41.61",
        "data_read_per_join": "384"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "group_id"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id group_id
565 25
564 25
567 25
566 25
592 31
593 31
831 82
830 82
829 82
828 82
827 82
835 84
834 84
846 86
845 86
844 86
843 86
842 86
851 87
850 87
849 87
848 87
847 87
858 89
857 89
856 89
855 89
854 89
863 90
862 90
861 90
860 90
859 90