SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    943, 942, 941, 944, 945, 946, 948, 949, 
    953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00051

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "33.61"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "dispatch"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "lang_code"
      ],
      "key_length": "206",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 14,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 14,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`object_id` in (943,942,941,944,945,946,948,949,953,954,955,956,957,958)) and (`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`type` = 'p') and (`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`dispatch` = '') and (`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`lang_code` = 'ru'))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "30.81",
        "eval_cost": "2.80",
        "prefix_cost": "33.61",
        "data_read_per_join": "23K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "name",
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "path",
        "lang_code"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
941 polka-ikar 333/334/336
942 polka-ikar-ru 333/334/336
943 polka-ikar-ru-2 333/334/336
944 polka-ikar-ru-3 333/334/336
945 polka-kassiya 333/334/336
946 polka-kassiya-ru 333/334/336
948 polka-ilia 333/334/337
949 polka-ilia-ru 333/334/337
953 polka-kassiya 333/334/339
954 polka-kassiya-ru 333/334/339
955 polka-kassiya-ru-2 333/334/339
956 polka-kassiya 333/334/340
957 polka-kassiya-ru 333/334/340
958 polka-kassiya-ru-2 333/334/340