SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    601, 602, 603, 604, 607, 608, 801, 800, 
    799, 798, 797, 806, 805, 804, 803, 802, 
    810, 809, 808, 807, 814, 813, 823, 822, 
    965, 966, 1013, 1014
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00081

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "67.21"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "dispatch"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "lang_code"
      ],
      "key_length": "206",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 28,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 28,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`object_id` in (601,602,603,604,607,608,801,800,799,798,797,806,805,804,803,802,810,809,808,807,814,813,823,822,965,966,1013,1014)) and (`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`type` = 'p') and (`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`dispatch` = '') and (`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`lang_code` = 'ru'))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "61.61",
        "eval_cost": "5.60",
        "prefix_cost": "67.21",
        "data_read_per_join": "47K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "name",
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "path",
        "lang_code"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
601 stellazh-pravyy-dzhelato-dub-vinchenca-shampan 303/305
602 stellazh-pravyy-dzhelato-dub-vinchenca-shampan-ru 303/305
603 stellazh-levyy-dzhelato-dub-vinchenca-shampan 303/305
604 stellazh-levyy-dzhelato-dub-vinchenca-shampan-ru 303/305
607 stellazh-levyy-dzhelato-dub-vinchenca-beton-shampan 333
608 stellazh-levyy-dzhelato-dub-vinchenca-beton-shampan-ru 303/305
797 stol-obedennyy-razdvizhnoy-wink-110 392/393/396
798 stol-obedennyy-razdvizhnoy-wink-110-ru 392/393/396
799 stol-obedennyy-razdvizhnoy-wink-110-ru-2 392/393/396
800 stol-obedennyy-razdvizhnoy-wink-110-ru-3 392/393/396
801 stol-obedennyy-razdvizhnoy-wink-110-ru-4 392/393/396
802 stol-obedennyy-razdvizhnoy-dante-120 392/393/396
803 stol-obedennyy-razdvizhnoy-dante-120-ru 392/393/396
804 stol-obedennyy-razdvizhnoy-dante-120-ru-2 392/393/396
805 stol-obedennyy-razdvizhnoy-dante-120-ru-3 392/393/396
806 stol-obedennyy-razdvizhnoy-dante-120-ru-4 392/393/396
807 stol-razdvizhnoy-falario 392/393/396
808 stol-razdvizhnoy-falario-ru 392/393/396
809 stol-razdvizhnoy-falario-ru-2 392/393/396
810 stol-razdvizhnoy-falario-ru-3 392/393/396
813 stol-pismennyy-levyy-dzhelato 392/394/397
814 stol-pismennyy-levyy-dzhelato-ru 392/394/397
822 stol-tualetnyy-lyuksor-satin 392/395/398
823 stol-tualetnyy-lyuksor-satin-ru 392/395/398
965 stellazh-lyuksor 333/335/344
966 stellazh-lyuksor-ru 333/335/344
1013 stenka-dlya-gostinoy-lyuksor 309/345/356
1014 stenka-dlya-gostinoy-lyuksor-ru 309/345/356