SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    1103, 720, 725, 663, 666, 1044, 1039, 
    1071, 967, 623, 962, 960
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00049

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "28.81"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "dispatch"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "lang_code"
      ],
      "key_length": "206",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 12,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 12,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`object_id` in (1103,720,725,663,666,1044,1039,1071,967,623,962,960)) and (`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`type` = 'p') and (`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`dispatch` = '') and (`cscart`.`cscart_seo_names`.`lang_code` = 'ru'))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "26.41",
        "eval_cost": "2.40",
        "prefix_cost": "28.81",
        "data_read_per_join": "20K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "name",
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "path",
        "lang_code"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
623 stellazh-vittoriya-dub-votan 333
663 puf-eliot-velutto-18 312/313
666 puf-enzo-velutto-18 312/313
720 puf-kuper 312/313/415
725 puf-monro 312/313/402
960 stellazh-kassiya 333/335
962 stellazh-ivet 333/335/342
967 stellazh-allegro 333/335/344
1039 rovnitel-dlya-pola-granit-t-80-25-kg-dlya-vn-nar-rabot 417/420
1044 remontnyy-sostav-dlya-betona-granit-r-300-25kg 417/424
1071 rovnitel-dlya-pola-piramix-startfloor-25kg 417/420
1103 prihozhaya-modulnaya 303/315