SELECT 
  SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS products.product_id, 
  products.amount, 
  descr1.product as product, 
  companies.company as company_name, 
  variation_group_products.group_id AS variation_group_id, 
  products.product_type, 
  products.parent_product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_products as products 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_descriptions as descr1 ON descr1.product_id = products.product_id 
  AND descr1.lang_code = 'ru' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_companies AS companies ON companies.company_id = products.company_id 
  INNER JOIN cscart_products_categories as products_categories ON products_categories.product_id = products.product_id 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = products_categories.category_id 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  INNER JOIN cscart_product_variation_group_products AS variation_group_products ON variation_group_products.product_id = products.product_id 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND companies.status IN ('A') 
  AND (
    products.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(0, products.usergroup_ids) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(1, products.usergroup_ids)
  ) 
  AND products.status IN ('A') 
  AND variation_group_products.group_id IN (124, 122, 130, 33, 34, 37) 
GROUP BY 
  products.product_id 
ORDER BY 
  NULL asc

Query time 0.00175

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "109.96"
    },
    "ordering_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "grouping_operation": {
        "using_temporary_table": true,
        "using_filesort": false,
        "nested_loop": [
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "variation_group_products",
              "access_type": "range",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "idx_group_id"
              ],
              "key": "idx_group_id",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "group_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 23,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 23,
              "filtered": "100.00",
              "index_condition": "(`cscart`.`variation_group_products`.`group_id` in (124,122,130,33,34,37))",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "33.61",
                "eval_cost": "4.60",
                "prefix_cost": "38.21",
                "data_read_per_join": "368"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "group_id"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "products",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "status"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "cscart.variation_group_products.product_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 22,
              "filtered": "99.57",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "23.00",
                "eval_cost": "4.58",
                "prefix_cost": "65.81",
                "data_read_per_join": "150K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "product_type",
                "status",
                "company_id",
                "amount",
                "usergroup_ids",
                "parent_product_id"
              ],
              "attached_condition": "(((`cscart`.`products`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`cscart`.`products`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`cscart`.`products`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`cscart`.`products`.`status` = 'A'))"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "companies",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "company_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "4",
              "ref": [
                "cscart.products.company_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
              "filtered": "10.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "22.90",
                "eval_cost": "0.46",
                "prefix_cost": "93.29",
                "data_read_per_join": "15K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "company_id",
                "status",
                "company"
              ],
              "attached_condition": "(`cscart`.`companies`.`status` = 'A')"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "products_categories",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "pt"
              ],
              "key": "pt",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "cscart.variation_group_products.product_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 3,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
              "filtered": "100.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "6.87",
                "eval_cost": "1.37",
                "prefix_cost": "101.54",
                "data_read_per_join": "109"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "category_id"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_categories",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "c_status",
                "p_category_id"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "category_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "cscart.products_categories.category_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
              "filtered": "5.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "6.87",
                "eval_cost": "0.07",
                "prefix_cost": "109.78",
                "data_read_per_join": "1K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "category_id",
                "storefront_id",
                "usergroup_ids",
                "status"
              ],
              "attached_condition": "(((`cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')) and (`cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)))"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "descr1",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id",
                "lang_code"
              ],
              "key_length": "9",
              "ref": [
                "cscart.variation_group_products.product_id",
                "const"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
              "filtered": "100.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.11",
                "eval_cost": "0.07",
                "prefix_cost": "109.96",
                "data_read_per_join": "1K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "lang_code",
                "product"
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id amount product company_name variation_group_id product_type parent_product_id
596 1 Шкаф Джелато Тестовый производитель 33 P 0
597 1 Шкаф Джелато Тестовый производитель 33 V 596
599 1 Шкаф Джелато Тестовый производитель 34 P 0
600 1 Шкаф Джелато Тестовый производитель 34 V 599
605 1 Шкаф Джелато Тестовый производитель 37 P 0
606 1 Шкаф Джелато Тестовый производитель 37 V 605
985 1 Тумба прикроватная Люксор Тестовый производитель 122 P 0
986 1 Тумба прикроватная Люксор Тестовый производитель 122 V 985
987 1 Тумба прикроватная Люксор Тестовый производитель 122 V 985
988 1 Тумба прикроватная Люксор Тестовый производитель 122 V 985
992 1 Тумба прикроватная левая Эстрелла Тестовый производитель 124 P 0
993 1 Тумба прикроватная левая Эстрелла Тестовый производитель 124 V 992
994 1 Тумба прикроватная левая Эстрелла Тестовый производитель 124 V 992
995 1 Тумба прикроватная левая Эстрелла Тестовый производитель 124 V 992
996 1 Тумба прикроватная левая Эстрелла Тестовый производитель 124 V 992
1020 1 Тумба-лестница Кассия Тестовый производитель 130 P 0
1021 1 Тумба-лестница Кассия Тестовый производитель 130 V 1020