SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    1096, 1098, 1095, 1078, 1086, 1099, 886, 
    884, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 786, 789, 
    792, 699, 777, 774, 781, 1024, 1025, 
    1028, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1049, 1067, 
    1033, 1034, 1037, 1035, 1036, 1038, 
    1032, 1062, 1061, 1060, 1063, 1059, 
    1064, 1066, 612, 976, 978, 968, 971, 
    636, 969, 972, 977, 564, 848, 836, 834, 
    592, 590, 828, 842, 857, 879, 839, 868, 
    852, 873, 591, 859, 864, 875, 832, 1097, 
    679, 568, 578, 583, 573, 1040, 1072, 
    1022, 1023, 1054, 1053, 1070, 815, 811, 
    820, 819, 1100, 959, 952, 950, 951, 1079, 
    941, 948, 945, 953
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00205

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "115.33"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "11.19"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 125,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "29.49",
              "eval_cost": "1.00",
              "prefix_cost": "30.49",
              "data_read_per_join": "20K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "cscart.cscart_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 12,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 11,
            "filtered": "18.65",
            "index_condition": "(`cscart`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (1096,1098,1095,1078,1086,1099,886,884,1055,1056,1057,1058,786,789,792,699,777,774,781,1024,1025,1028,1050,1051,1052,1049,1067,1033,1034,1037,1035,1036,1038,1032,1062,1061,1060,1063,1059,1064,1066,612,976,978,968,971,636,969,972,977,564,848,836,834,592,590,828,842,857,879,839,868,852,873,591,859,864,875,832,1097,679,568,578,583,573,1040,1072,1022,1023,1054,1053,1070,815,811,820,819,1100,959,952,950,951,1079,941,948,945,953))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "61.65",
              "eval_cost": "2.24",
              "prefix_cost": "104.14",
              "data_read_per_join": "179"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
564 300M,389
568 300M,388
573 300M,403,388
578 389,300M,403
583 403,388,300M
590 301,371,302M
591 301,370,302M
592 374,301M,366
612 363,364,309M
636 350,309M,310
679 303M,315,317
699 298,404,405M
774 405M,298,404
777 405M,298,404
781 405M,298,404
786 391M,298,299
789 391M,298,299
792 298,299,391M
811 392,397M,394
815 392,416M,394
819 394,392,416M
820 416M,394,392
828 302,367M,301
832 374M,366,301
834 372,373M,301
836 372,373M,301
839 301,302,368M
842 301,302,368M
848 301,302,368M
852 301,302,369M
857 301,302,369M
859 302,369M,301
864 301,302,369M
868 301,302,369M
873 301,302,370M
875 301,369M,302
879 371M,301,302
884 303,315,319M
886 303,315,319M
941 336M,333,334
945 334,336M,333
948 333,334,337M
950 338M,333,334
951 338M,333,334
952 339M,333,334
953 339M,333,334
959 340M,333,334
968 310,309,348M
969 310,349M,309
971 310,349M,309
972 309,350M,310
976 309,350M,310
977 309,350M,310
978 310,351M,309
1022 309,362,347M
1023 347,361M,309
1024 400,401M,399
1025 400,401M,399
1028 400,401M,399
1032 419M
1033 419M
1034 419M
1035 419M
1036 419M
1037 419M
1038 419M
1040 421M
1049 429M
1050 429M
1051 429M
1052 429M
1053 430M
1054 431M
1055 432M
1056 433M
1057 434M
1058 434M
1059 419M
1060 419M
1061 419M
1062 419M
1063 419M
1064 419M
1066 419M
1067 435M
1070 430M
1072 421M
1078 314M
1079 342M
1086 391M
1095 393M
1096 404M
1097 407M
1098 376M
1099 335M
1100 304M