SELECT 
  product_id, 
  group_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_products 
WHERE 
  group_id IN (33, 34, 37, 140, 141, 98, 106, 95)

Query time 0.00031

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "31.81"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_variation_group_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "idx_group_id"
      ],
      "key": "idx_group_id",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "group_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 17,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 17,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`cscart`.`cscart_product_variation_group_products`.`group_id` in (33,34,37,140,141,98,106,95))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "28.41",
        "eval_cost": "3.40",
        "prefix_cost": "31.81",
        "data_read_per_join": "272"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "group_id"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id group_id
596 33
597 33
599 34
600 34
605 37
606 37
881 95
880 95
893 98
892 98
923 106
922 106
1094 140
1149 140
1150 141
1151 141